Questions On The Holocaust - 1837 Words

Julia Powell Rough Draft- Essay 2 ENG109H Six-Ish Components of Essay: 1.) Overview Thesis: Holocaust as a gate-way for larger evil in present and future. In a world plagued with evil, we as man witness incidences of degeneracy on a daily basis. Whether it be road rage in response to scanty driving, acts of aggression spurred by those who have felt wronged, or the theft of lavish items; inimical acts have become all-too-ordinary in society. In American culture, the broadcasting of such acts has become commonplace through televised news and newsprint. Their mark on our hearts is minute- only to be replaced by another crime committed the following week. Luckily for man, acts of evil so heinous and vile, that they are remembered by the world for centuries, are virtually notional. The Holocaust is a rare exception of this statement- this atrocious act of evil paves the way for us to understand the innate evil of man presented in our past, present, and future; the constant will of man to hold and maintain power over others. Before the conclusion of their elementary education, a large majority children around the world are well aware of what this the Holocaust entailed. But due to surprising promotion of holocaust denial in many Middle Eastern countries, such as Syria and Iran, I will shed some insight on the matter. The Holocaust was a genocide of circa six-million Jews, as well as five-million others, organized and executed by members of the Nazi regime. Spanning theirShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust: A Morbid Atrocity that Made People Question Humanity1338 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust, a morbid atrocity that made people question humanity, was the cause of millions of deaths. One of those victims of this brutality was Anne Frank, a young Jewish girl who hid from the Nazis along with her family. Although she was merely ordinary, Anne Frank kept a diary which became a significant, historical artifact in the modern world as it details her account of concealing her identity from the outside world. Her story, told in an innocent perspective, allows individuals to reflectRead MoreHolocaust And The Moving Image912 Words   |  4 PagesHolocaust and the Moving Image: representations in film and television since 1933, is a collection of essays that grew out of the 2001, Holocaust, Genocide, and the Moving Image: Film and Television Representations Since 1933 symposium held at the Imperial War Museum in London. The conference, was designed to address the historic, social, educational, and psychological relationships bound to the experiences of the Holocaust and film, while reaching forward to actualize the knowledge and expertiseRead MoreTargeting Jews for Genocide Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesTargeting Jews for Genocide When discussing The Holocaust, our minds tend to jump straight to the genocide of the Jewish populations of Europe. This is because of the approximate 11 million people killed during The Holocaust; roughly 6 million of them were Jews. Many people are now left to wonder why Hitler and the Nazi Party specifically targeted the Jews for genocide. The main reason was because the Nazi Party took the idea of nationalism to an extreme, new level. Hitler also thought the JewsRead MoreThe Holocaust971 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the most horrible and dreaded events in history. Millions of Jews were killed, leaving many families devastated and hopeless. With the goal of racial purity, Adolf Hitler- along with many other Germans believed the Jews caused the defeat of their country, and led the Nazis to the elimination of Jews. For this reason, â€Å"Even in the early 21st century, the legacy of the Holocaust endures†¦as many as 12,000 Jews were killed every day† (The Holocaust). LaterRead MoreHow The Holocaust : The Idea Of Man946 Words   |  4 Pagessome would argue, the easy task of examining how the Holocaust destructed the idea of man. I say that some would call this job easy because one could simply compare and contrast a man before the Holocaust and after the Holocaust and say that these differences are how the Holocaust disassembled the idea of man. However, simply comparing and contrasting someone before and after the Holocaust does not account for what happened during the holocaust that would destroy them, Which means that I must diveRead MoreHolocaust And The Moving Image Moves Through The Five Areas Of Its Concentration981 Words   |  4 PagesTo answer the questions formulated through the symposium, Holocaust and the Moving Image moves through the five areas of its concentration, with the first section devoted to Film as Witness. This section uses a number of still photographs taken from personal and archival films created by the liberators of the Nazi camps to demonstrate how these films were acquired. Of interest is the idea that the liberating soldiers initially charged with simple document(ary) filming soon learned to develop andRead MoreGod and Evil: Can They Co-exist? Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Holocaust, the Nazi’s murdered an estimated 6 million Jews, which was about two thirds of the entire European Jewish population. To put this in perspective, the amount of Jews that were murdered during the Holocaust i s about the same size as the population of Denmark. The Holocaust is a part of Jewish history that can never be forgotten, and the Jews who fell subject to this inhuman act will never be forgotten either. The Holocaust has changed Jewish culture forever, and has become theRead MoreBlack Newspapers And The Holocaust1608 Words   |  7 PagesAfter researching newspaper articles covering the events of Kristallnacht, one question lingered: How did black newspapers continue to cover the Holocaust? After finding limited articles pertaining to the events of Kristallnacht, I was curious to see if more coverage would be dedicated to the events that came after. I specifically wanted to look into African American newspapers of the day in order to see how the African American community reacted to the atrocities. During this time period manyRead MoreThe Jewish cemetery in Victoria, British Columbia1220 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals who did not survive the Holocaust. The cemetery coordi nator shared that this creates an opportunity for individuals to grieve the lost ones they never got to see again. Research Questions The research questions focused on the relationships between collective grievance and burial practices, which was observed in monuments and their inscriptions. This explored how communities, specifically the Jewish community, grieved survivors of the Holocaust. Further analysis, examined how bereavementRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Secret Plan1445 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly vial situation. The Holocaust, a term referred to the explanation of the alleged massacre of six million Jewish people, is often labeled as a conspiracy. Those who tag the 1900’s Holocaust as a hoax are frequently known as ‘Holocaust Deniers. Debating Holocaust denial includes arguments such as holocaust documented facts, practice of things such as gas chambers, falsely proclaimed amount of Jews essentially murdered, and illegalization of holocaust denial. The holocaust took place in Germany

Nokia’s Mission Statement Free Essays

Nokia Nokia’s Interim Report (2013) showed a decline in the first quarter for group net sales, device and services net sales and networks net sales. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that Nokia’s mission statement places a strong emphasis on shareholder value and social responsibility to increase the company’s stronghold within its industry. Shareholder Value In order to gauge the company’s performance in these two areas, there are a couple of specific indicators that Nokia is looking for. We will write a custom essay sample on Nokia’s Mission Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shareholder value is increased through the success of the business. Nokia gives four areas that will become the primary focus of each of the business areas and gauge its success. These areas are: (1) leading and winning in mobile devices, (2) growing consumer internet services, (3) accelerating adoption of business solutions and (4) leveraging scale and transforming solutions in infrastructure (Grant, 2010, p. 24). This focus in these business areas allows for Nokia to increase shareholder value through a strong business strategy. Nokia also wants to strengthen their strategic capabilities in the areas of: (1) consumer understanding, (2) brand recognition, (3) technology and architecture and (4) channels and supply chain (Grant, 2010). This will also help to increase shareholder value by allowing for a competitive advantage when dealing with the above business areas. Social Responsibility Nokia also wants to focus on their social responsibility as a mediator between the unconnected and connected. They envision a world where everyone is connected and allow everyone to feel close to what matters to them. I believe that they can gauge this through the same manner they gauge shareholder value. Essentially, Nokia’s business strategy will fulfill their  social responsibility of connecting people. Leading the industry in mobile devices, Internet services, business solutions and solution infrastructure will all help connect people throughout the world. Mission With the new Nokia Lumia reaching number four on the list of largest smartphone brands in the USA, one can say that Nokia’s mission is working on increasing the connectivity amongst people through their smartphones (Shah, 2013). However, the company as a whole is not doing so well. With all their sales dropping, the only thing that is increasing is the sale of their Nokia Lumia. Even at the number four spot, Nokia only holds a measly 4.1% of the smartphone industry in the US, and their overall sales are declining (Shah, 2013). Therefore, I would say they are not doing a very good job at fulfilling their mission statement. If Apple had the same mission statement, leading the sales of smartphones in the US at a whopping 33.7%, the statement would be more accurate in saying that they plan to connect people around the world and lead the industry. Recommendation In order to improve the mission statement, I believe that Nokia should add more tangible short-term goals to boost morale. Short-term wins not only boost morale, but also provide more attainable objectives to satisfy shareholders. Therefore, instead of stating that Nokia plans to, â€Å"Lead and win in mobile devices,† they can state that Nokia will, â€Å"increase the smartphone market value partnering with Android AND Microsoft to expand Nokia’s global reach.† Providing short-term wins that are not as broad as Nokia’s current mission statement will help also strengthen the company’s brand and make them a stronger company as a whole. Overall, Nokia is doing well within the smartphone realm, and losing in everything else. It is either time that they specialize in a specific industry (smartphones), or take the market by storm with something that has not been offered before. Only the future will tell, and the mission statement is what will reflect the se plans. How to cite Nokia’s Mission Statement, Papers

Medusa by Carol an Duffy, Loads of Mistakes. free essay sample

‘The Worlds Wife’ in which Duffy gives a voice to female characters that may have been ignored throughout history. The poems are presented through the point of view of these women and in many cases it is the first time that we, as an audience hear their side of the story, rather than a story that has been told for them. Medusa matches the other poems in this anthology as Duffy presents Medusa as she sees herself but she is still shed in a negative light, which she willing presents to the reader as she is perversely pleased by it. Duffy uses clever diction and sentence structure to add to the representation of the persona as well as punctuation and techniques, most significantly rule of threes, to effectively display the persona and the themes of growing rage, stone, revenge and self absorption. Duffy wastes no time in jumping into Medusa’s perspective as the first line proves. The poem starts on a bitter note with â€Å"a suspicion, a doubt, a jealously† which is significant for numerous reasons. Firstly, the diction of jealousy alone is important because it suggests the breeding of ill feelings at the start of the poem which reflects how Medusas life as a monster began in much the same way. Also, the rule of three contains nouns that build on each other are progressive as Medusa graduates from a suspicion to as doubt and then becomes jealous, an idea which is also suggested by the caesura of commas rather than full stops, indicating that the nouns flow together and are linked rather than being separate or distinct. The first line is organized in a way that makes the growth of negative feelings evident which foreshadows the growth of rage and hate expressed later in the text while the progressive rule of three effectively foreshadows the continued use of the same technique throughout the poem. The growth of negativity is supported again in the following lines which imply that Medusa’s feelings were so strong as to be represented physically through the turning of the hairs on her head to filthy snakes. The snakes are obviously a tangible representation of the growth which Duffy emphasizes all the more the length of the line. Being longer than ever y of line of the poem is it a clear, visible reflect of the actual growth of the snakes that represent Medusas anger. The first reference to the theme of stone is made in the second stanza, in which the persona describes her lungs as â€Å"grey†, which indicates that Medusa’s lungs that support her life, are hardened, colourless and decayed, replicating her emotions and reflected the effect that she has on living being which is to turn them to stone. While the imagery of the grey lungs suggests lifelessness, it is immediately contrasted by the image of â€Å"yellow fanged† which is a link back to the snakes that are alive and thriving on her head. The combination of the two images suggests that Medusa herself is dead but possesses life because she is fully embodied by the snakes, and everything that they represent, an idea that is backed up by her having yellow fangs as if she is now a snake, not human. Stone is suggested again in the second stanza through the metaphor of â€Å"bullet tears† which relate to the hardness of stone and imply that Medusa’s emotions murder or kill as bullets do, which is evident later on in the poem. The first sense of Medusa’s feeling of self importance are apparent at the end of this stanza with the rhetorical question of â€Å"are you terrified†, suggesting her pride in the monstrosity that she is viewed as and also the fact that it is immediately followed by an answer in the form of a command implies that the actual answer of the man that she is talking to is unimportant and she is indifferent to it which emphasizes her own self importance. However, the man, the â€Å"Greek God† is displayed with some importance, though meager compared to hers, as he manages to catch her eye. It is him that she loves and since he has been special enough to attract the attention of one as high as medusa he should be scared because her attention is one him rather than ignoring him and also that fact that he catches her eye is fitting because it is exactly that that will turn him to stone. The third stanza has a link back to the first in â€Å"I know you’ll go, betray me†. Both suggest Medusa’s lack of trust and bitterness by how easily she passes negative judgment on the man before he has a chance to act as such. This negative outlook may be a partial cause to Medusa’s selfishness, leading her to believe that nothing is worth her time. Her selfishness and lack of caring about even those that she supposedly loves is displayed through the final line in this stanza: â€Å"so better by for me if you were stone. † It is only what is better for her that matters which again puts her, the only moral of the Gorgons, on a pedestal above a Greek God. In the next three stanzas the tone changes from a passive and indifferent statement of facts to an active narration of her deeds that emphasize her rage, especially as she draws particular attention  to her actions. I will look at the following three stanzas collectively as there are techniques spread through them. Medusa’s hate and spite become obvious now and grow rapidly, which links back to the first line with the progressive rule of three. The same technique is used again in these three stanzas though more disjointed than before. The intensity of medusa’s gaze increases in the first line of each stanza form glanced to looked to stared, with is another progressive rule of three as one thing builds on another and it replicates the expansion of her rage through time. The growth of medusas hate is also suggested through the size of the stone that she creates. Starting with a tiny pebble from a bee and progressing to a boulder metaphorically implies that as her hate increases, so too do her destructive powers as the two are directly linked. To support this notion, another progressive rule of three flows through the three stanzas. The way in which the stone drops from the air increases with Medusa’s rage as well with verbs of increasing severity: â€Å"fell, spattered, shattered† which is another clever technique that Duffy uses to emphasize and enforce the previous two points. Now focusing on only the sixth stanza, the verb â€Å"stared’ holds significance aside from the rule of three that it forms; â€Å"stared† again emphasizes medusas opinion of self importance as she spare the animals a mere glace or look both devotes far more time and intensity to herself because she is of more significant. Also, while everything else that she looks at turns to stone, she does not when she stares at herself which implies that she cannot be converted because she is already hard and cold as stone at heart. Following on in the sixth stanza, medusas anger seems to reach its epitome and its colossal size is represented by the imagery of the dragon, fire and the mountain. The three final lines of this stanza can be interpreted in two ways. There is the obvious link to the metamorphosis that takes place between animals and stone in the previous two stanzas which implies that medusa looked at the dragon and made it a mountain. However, unlike the other examples of medusa turning animals to stone, the dragon is separate from the mountain by a full stop where previously it has been a comma. The deliberate change in the punctuation pattern separates the dragon from the mountain while, suggesting that when Medusas stares into the mirror she see that dragon that is herself. If medusa is metaphorically a dragon then the growth of her anger is again insinuated because previously in the poem she was presented as a snake but now towards the end she has grown into a larger and fiercer reptile. While the dragon may be medusa the mountain represents her rage as it is an indication of its massive size while the fire goes to support the implication of raw anger. In stanza 7, the tone again changes back to how it was at the start of the poem with medusa addressing the greek god again. Medusa appears to be justifying her hate towards the man in this stanza by stating that he has a shield for a heart and a sword for a tongue. The metaphors suggest that the man never really loved medusa as she loved him and that he played her, finally hurting her with is words and his betrayal which is why she seeks revenge. Though medusa may blame the man for what she has become, she appears to like herself better the way she is now which is indicated through the last three lines of the poem. A content, menacing and proud tone accompanies look at me now as if medusa likes who she is. Also, since what she is now is contrasted to how she was when she was young, the is a suggestion that while she was young and naive she was ignorant to how she should be, where as now the she is older she knows that she is as she should and thinks highly of herself for it. The importance of what she is now is emphasized by the fact that the line forms a stanza on its own. Through most of the poem, beautiful things are being turned to rigid, lifeless stone which is summed up entirely in the last three lines in which state that medusa made that transformation herself, from beautiful life to death stone, emotionally at least and then she brings the same to others. Finally, the diction of â€Å"look† in the last line is both fitting and ironic because it is that very look that will literally turn you to stone just as she has been metaphorically turned to stone herself. Throughout the poem duffy displays medusa in a way the she has not been seen before. In many instances the man appears to be blamed for what she has become as though it I know fault of her own, though she seem perversely pleased with herself, which, from her perspective, sheds her in a positive light. Although the reader cannot shake the negative connotations that have been developed with medusa it is evident that she thinks very highly of herself, and what do the opinions of other, insignificant, people matter to one who is as self important as medusa?

The Impact of the Internet on Children free essay sample

The Impact of the Internet on Children Introduction amp; Background With the advanced development computer technology, currently, the internet is prevalently spreading nearly everywhere in our life, work and study. In fact, the internet is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the internet can help us to handle lots of complicated matters and make people broaden their horizons through the internet. However, according to the research, most of the people, especially lots of children, are influenced by the internet negatively in terms of time management, addiction to the online games, free pornographies and adult films, physical health and family relationships. Therefore, we must come up with some solutions which based on parental control and parental support to figure out these problems of the internet on children. Specific negative impacts of the internet on children One of the negative impacts of the internet on children is disrupting the time management in their normal life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Internet on Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As mentioned in the article â€Å"Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children,† the authors Valcke, Bonte and Rots (2010) indicate that children cannot schedule time properly because of the internet disturbance. According to a sociological survey based on a group of questions given to some of Romanian parents (Muresan, Catalano amp; Bocos, 2010), 16. 73% of the parents think their children spent lots of time on the internet, and less time on other outdoor activities, and even sometimes they did not do their homework and copied other children’s homework, instead. In fact, more and more children are psychologically over dependent on the internet because many people call current generation as â€Å"digital natives† or â€Å"net generation† (Prensky, 2001). Not surprisingly, many children have accessed to the internet when they are in childhoods. â€Å"More than 80% of family has at least one or two computers; even some children have their own computers† (Muresan et. al. 2010). Moreover, more than half of the parents think that the main purpose of the computer is surfing the internet for information and they take it for granted that children can access the internet. As a result, children spend more time on the internet, and less time on the other activities in recent years. As a matter of fact, it is a very common phenomenon that current generation is the first generation that experiences the world primarily by means of the internet. The second negative impact of the internet on children is an addiction to the online games, free pornographies and adult films. We just call it â€Å"net addiction†. In their article, the three authors Muresan, Catalano and Bocos(2010) illustrate that 34. 95% of students like to play online games in their spare times. In another article, â€Å"Negative effects of the internet†, Wilkinson (2011) points out that more and more children become addicted to the internet. To be more specific, she mentioned that the internet houses more free pornographies and adult films which are easier to for children acquire than before although over 50% of parents said they control their children’s activity at the computer (Muresan et. al. 2010). In fact, the most important part of the parental control is not only control but offer help to children when they surf the internet. However, the majority of parents do not pay attention to internet education on children because â€Å"only 13. 2% of children receive guidelines by their parents† (Valcke, Bonte, Wever amp; Rots, 2010, P456). As a result, an increasing number of pornographies make it much easier for children to access adult films and absorb sexual images because there are more than 80% of the primary school children saying they are at unsafe internet usage (Valcke et. al. 2010). To some extent, the internet controls children’s life by pornography which makes it become a ubiquitous nature of thing in their normal life (Wilkinson, 2011). Therefore, more and more children fall victim to this negative emotional impact due to an unregulated online game, a harmful exposure to pornography and an uncontrolled publication of adult film on the internet. In the article â€Å"The effects of behavioral inhibition/ approach system as predictors of Internet addiction in adolescents†, the author Park, Lee, Jung and Choi (2012) raise a possible explanation to the children’s net addiction is the anxiety. That means the more anxiety to the internet, the less self-control on the access to the internet. Therefore, most of children are negatively influenced by an increasing number of online games, free pornographies and adult films, thus affecting their physical health. Besides an addiction to the online games, free pornographies and adult films, physical health is another major negative impact of the internet on children. Can you imagine sitting in front of a computer screen continuously for a long time without any food and water? In fact, it is a very common scene to most of children when they at the computer, especially for surf the internet. Therefore, lack of physical activity, children are easily getting in lots of unhealthy lifestyle even connected to the diseases such as obesity, eyesight problem and spine problem (Valcke et. al. 2010). Specifically, the more time in front of the computer screen, the more harmful computer radiation to children’s physical health. Moreover, more than 27% of the parents think the internet caused medical problems such as sight and spine problems among their children (Muresan et. al. 2010). In recent years, although governments in different nations energetically develop national fitness programs which cause more and more people interest in exercise, the majority of parents would like to pay more attention to children’s school grades rather than the awareness of the need for children’s physical health. Consequently, an increasing numbers of children choose to stay at home and surf the internet instead of participating in outdoor activities. Last but not the least, family relationships are gradually broken by exposure to the internet. At present, more and more children and adults would like to make net friends instead of friends in real life (Wilkinson, 2011). Not surprisingly, more and more children rely on networking communication with others thus having flaw in face-to-face communication with their family members, especially with their parents. If children spend most of time on the internet, they will spend less time talking with their parents in real life. It is another symptom of poor time management. Without the internet, children largely depend on their parents to verify what they see, hear and feel (Verdick, 2012). However, with the appearance of lots of uncontrolled information on the internet, children prefer to talk with cyber friends and believe what they see, hear and feel on the internet. It also corroborate the anxiety is an explanation to the children’s net addiction Therefore, children who keep online are less likely to identify what is real and what is not, and they are unable to sense reality in the virtual world. As a matter of fact, children are always curious about new things even feel excited about making unreal friends on the internet while ignoring the real relationships between parents and themselves. You may have a question? Although this paper focuses more on the negative impacts of the internet on children, some people may argue that the internet plays a significant role in children’s life because it brings children a lot of convenience. In the article â€Å"The impact of Computer and Internet on the Young Students- An Ascertaining Research,† the authors Muresan, Catalano and Bocos (2010) think the biggest benefit of the internet for the children is the development of the mental abilities which include thinking, logic and observation, followed by an improvement of general culture and the interest for new things (21%). Children can no doubt absorb a large amount of knowledge on the internet. For example, when meeting difficulties on study, they search the internet for help, which is convenient, fast and easy. However, the internet brings children more hazards than benefits. For example, children are psychologically over dependent on the internet instead of challenging themselves in study, work and life. Therefore, the negative impacts of the internet on children exceed the benefits of the internet. Solutions to the negative impacts of the internet on children To offset the negative impacts of the internet on children mentioned above, there are two major ways: parental control and parental support. â€Å"The definition of parental styles is the number of involvement and strictness controlled by parents to deal with their children† (Valcke et. al. 2010). In terms of parental control, four authors Valcke, Bonte, Wever and Rots (2010) indicate that parents could restrict the internet use of their children by means like installing filter software, checking internet log files and drafting internet usage rules. Unfortunately, only 26. 3% of parents do these jobs regularly (Valcke et. al. 2010), with few practical effects on the resolution to the children Internet issue. Compared with effects of the parental control, parental support is a more effective measure to deal with the problems. Firstly, more than 60% of the parents talk with their children about the internet (Valcke et. al. 2010). This means the majority of the parents prefer to communicate with their children, and give support at different levels. Additionally, parents expect to create a safe and private internet environment for children so that they can accept parents’ advice actively instead of passively. Therefore, guiding children with respect to the internet usage and supporting them without strict limits are more effective than control and limit their access to the internet strictly to deal with the problems of internet. Conclusion The explosive growth of the internet is transforming children’s daily life. The specific negative impacts of the internet on children are clearly presented in this paper. In fact, these impacts of the internet on the children’s emotional, cognitive and social development are beginning to be highly valued. The parents, being aware of these negative impacts of the internet on children, have attempted to solve the problems by parental control and parental support. However, the majority of the parents understand their roles in children’s internet usage but unfortunately only a few become aware of the correct guidance in their children’s internet usage. People need educational distributions and legislation to maximize the positive impacts of the internet on children. If people managed well, internet can improve children’ time consciousness, enhance self-protection awareness, maintain physical health and deepen family relationships. But for these positive results to occur, as a society, people must learn how to confront these challenges in the internet development. References Muresan, E, Catalano, H amp; Bocos, M (2010). The Impact of Computer and Internet on the Young Students- An Ascertaing Research. Universitatii Petrol-Gaze din Ploiesti. Retrieved from http://0-web. ebscohost. com. opac. sfsu. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? id=1facbc86-59e3-4a13-88b9-385f32ffba68%40sessionmgr112amp;vid=4amp;hid=123 Park, S. M. , Park, Y. A. , Lee, H. W. , Jung, H. Y. , Lee, J. Y. amp; Choi, J, S (2012, August 20). The effects of behavior inhibition/ approach system as predictors of Internet addiction in adolescents. Elsevier. Retrieved from http://ac. els-cdn. com/S0191886912003716/1-s2. 0-S0191886912003716-main. pdf? _tid=da565484-3cfd-11e2-b7ba-00000a ab0f6camp;acdnat=1354507356_78755496c7716d0ee4f40d037a42edd6 Valcke, M, Bonte, S, Wever, B. D. amp; Rots, I (2010, February). Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children. Elsevier. Retrieved from http://ac. els-cdn. com/S0360131510000436/1-s2. 0-S0360131510000436-main. pdf? _tid=cc34c9b0-3cff-11e2-a504-00000aab0f6bamp;acdnat=1354508191_72c3199642988ce217aa866f5e1fbde4 Verdick (2012). Negative Effects of Internet Usage on Child Development. Verdick. ORG. Retrieved from http://www. verdick. org/child-development-and-the-internet/child-dev-neg Wilkinson, M (2011, September 09). Negative effects of the Internet. Helium. Retrieved from http://www. helium. com/items/1332671-negative-effects-of-the-internet

Western Canada Concept essays

Western Canada Concept essays The Western Canada Concept is a separatist party led by Alberta lawyer Doug Christie. The party is devoted to a peaceful secession of the four Western provinces and the two territories from Canada. By means of four referenda held in each respective western province, the Western Canada Concept would establish an independent nation. A wide spectrum of reasons, encompassing political, economic, and cultural issues, fuels the groups drive for a sovereign, united, West. The Western Canada Concept, through referenda and economic stability, insists that a sovereign West would better serve the needs of Western Canadians, which have been ignored by governments of the recent past. According to David Christie, leader of the Western Canada Concept, reasons for western separation abound, touching each area of Western Canadians lives. Many of these stem from a deep-rooted feeling of western alienation. During the Trudeau era, the majority of Liberal seats in the House of Commons was heavily concentrated east of the Manitoba border. Through unpopular government decisions, such as the management of Albertas petroleum industry, some westerners began to feel that the government did not serve their needs. Manipulating a famous Abraham Lincoln quote illustrates this belief perfectly - since the government was elected by Central Canada, it must be a government of Central Canada, for Central Canada. This distribution of power in the House of Commons, a primary reason for Western Independence, has become a platform for many western politicians. One concern is that there is little or no checks on the Prime Ministers agenda where regional equality is concerned. The Prime Minister is from one province, can be elected into power with only the support of a single region, and can run the entire country accordingly. Christie believes that the only way to keep Central Canada, the primary source of power for most recent ...

History of the Sewing Machine

History of the Sewing Machine Hand sewing is an art form that is over 20,000 years old. The first sewing needles were made of bones or animal horns, and the first thread was made of animal sinew. Iron needles were invented in the 14th century. The first eyed needles appeared in the 15th century. Birth of Mechanical Sewing The first possible patent connected to mechanical sewing was a 1755 British patent issued to German, Charles Weisenthal. Weisenthal was issued a patent for a needle that was designed for a machine. However, the patent did not describe the rest of the machine. It is unknown whether a machine existed. Several Inventors Attempt to Improve Sewing The English inventor and cabinet maker, Thomas Saint was issued the first patent for a complete machine for sewing in 1790. It is not known if Saint built a working prototype of his invention. The patent describes an awl that punched a hole in leather and passed a needle through the hole. A later reproduction of Saints invention based on his patent drawings did not work. In 1810, German, Balthasar Krems invented the automatic machine for sewing caps. Krems did not patent his invention, and it never functioned well. Austrian tailor, Josef Madersperger made several attempts at inventing the machine for sewing and was issued a patent in 1814. All of his efforts were considered unsuccessful. In 1804, a French patent was granted to Thomas Stone and James Henderson for a machine that emulated hand sewing. That same year a patent was granted to Scott John Duncan for an embroidery machine with multiple needles. Both inventions failed and were soon forgotten by the public. In 1818, the first American sewing machine was invented by John Adams Doge and John Knowles. Their machine failed to sew any useful amount of fabric before malfunctioning. The First Functional Machine That Caused a Riot The first functional sewing machine was invented by the French tailor, Barthelemy Thimonnier, in 1830. Thimonniers machine used only one thread and a hooked needle that made the same chain stitch used with embroidery. The inventor was almost killed by an enraged group of French tailors who burnt down his garment factory because they feared unemployment as a result of his sewing machine invention. Walter Hunt andElias Howe In 1834, Walter Hunt built Americas first (somewhat) successful sewing machine. He later lost interest in patenting because he believed his invention would cause unemployment. (Hunts machine could only sew straight steams.) Hunt never patented and in 1846, the first American patent was issued to Elias Howe for a process that used thread from two different sources. Elias Howes machine had a needle with an eye at the point. The needle was pushed through the cloth and created a loop on the other side; a shuttle on a track then slipped the second thread through the loop, creating what is called the lockstitch. However, Elias Howe later encountered problems defending his patent and marketing his invention. For the next nine years, Elias Howe struggled, first to enlist interest in his machine, then to protect his patent from imitators. His lockstitch mechanism was adopted by others who were developing innovations of their own. Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism, and Allen Wilson developed a rotary hook shuttle. Isaac Singer vs. Elias Howe Sewing machines did not go into mass production until the 1850s when Isaac Singer built the first commercially successful machine. Singer built the first sewing machine where the needle moved up and down rather than the side-to-side, and a foot treadle powered the needle. Previous machines were all hand-cranked. However, Isaac Singers machine used the same lockstitch that Howe had patented. Elias Howe sued Isaac Singer for patent infringement and won in 1854. Walter Hunts sewing machine also used a lockstitch with two spools of thread and an eye-pointed needle; however, the courts upheld Howes patent since Hunt had abandoned his patent. If Hunt had patented his invention, Elias Howe would have lost his case, and Isaac Singer would have won. Since he lost, Isaac Singer had to pay Elias Howe patent royalties. Note: In 1844, Englishmen John Fisher received a patent for a lace-making machine that was identical enough to the machines made by Howe and Singer that if Fishers patent had not been lost in the patent office, John Fisher would also have been part of the patent battle. After successfully defending his right to a share in the profits of his invention, Elias Howe saw his annual income jump from three hundred to more than two hundred thousand dollars a year. Between 1854 and 1867, Howe earned close to two million dollars from his invention. During the Civil War, he donated a portion of his wealth to equip an infantry regiment for the Union Army and served in the regiment as a private. Isaac Singer vs. Elias Hunt The 1834 eye-pointed needle sewing machine of  Walter Hunt  was later re-invented by  Elias Howe  of Spencer, Massachusetts and patented by him in 1846. Each sewing machine (Walter Hunts and Elias Howes) had a curved eye-pointed needle that passed the thread through the fabric in an arc motion; and on the other side of the fabric a loop was created; and a second thread was carried by shuttle running back and forth on a track passed through the loop creating a lockstitch. Elias Howes design was copied by Isaac Singer and others, leading to extensive patent litigation. However, a court battle in the 1850s conclusively gave Elias Howe the patent rights to the eye-pointed needle. Elias Howe brought the court case against Isaac Merritt Singer, the largest manufacturer of sewing machines for patent infringement. In his defense, Isaac Singer attempted to invalidate Howes patent, to show that the invention was already some 20 years old and that Howe should not have been able to claim the royalties from anyone using his designs that Singer had been forced to pay. Since Walter Hunt had abandoned his sewing machine and had not filed for a patent, Elias Howes patent was upheld by a court decision in 1854. Isaac Singers machine was also somewhat different from Howes. Its needle moved up and down, rather than sideways, and it was powered by a treadle rather than a hand crank. However, it used the same lockstitch process and a similar needle. Elias Howe died in 1867, the year his patent expired. Other Historic Moments in the History of the Sewing Machine On June 2, 1857, James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine. Helen Augusta Blanchard of Portland, Maine (1840-1922) patented the first zig-zag stitch machine in 1873. The zig-zag stitch better seals the edges of a seam, making a garment sturdier. Helen Blanchard also patented 28 other inventions including the hat-sewing machine, surgical needles, and other improvements to sewing machines. The first mechanical sewing machines were used in garment factory production lines. It was not until 1889 that a sewing machine for use in the home was designed and marketed. By 1905, the electrically-powered sewing machine was in wide use.

E-procurement and diffusion of innovation theory and Rogerss model Thesis

E-procurement and diffusion of innovation theory and Rogerss model - Thesis Example This research will begin with the statement that procurement is one of the most crucial aspects of any organization. In general term, it is defined as the process of purchasing goods and materials at a proper time at the best affordable price. E-procurement involves using the internet and other web-based technologies as a tool for procurement. The success of this technique in the private sector has also aroused considerable interests among the public sector organizations with regards to adopting and implementing e-Procurement in their business process. In a typical e-Procurement process, an organization purchases goods and materials from suppliers by using the internet as a medium. E-procurement processes are characterized by the presence of e-marketplaces which is a platform that brings suppliers and buyers together. E-marketplaces also have the option of a reverse auction where competitive bidding can be undertaken for procuring a particular material. The process of e-Procurement i nvolves the following steps namely: Review of various suppliers Compiling documents related to ‘Request for Quotations’ Â  Sending out ‘Request for Quotations’ Revisions and resending related to ‘Request for Quotations’ Receiving proposals of RFQ’s Compiling and evaluating response Review of bids Narrowing down on the list of bidders Negotiations Selecting the winning bid.

Uses of calculus in business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uses of calculus in business - Research Paper Example Researchers have indicated that calculus is one of the modern facets of mathematics that has been effectively used to assess certain changes or arrive at certain decisions in the current business world. The use of directives to calculate certain aspects of business has been evident in various ways. People engaged in undertaking real estate business have applied the concept of derivatives in calculus to determine their overall income for instance: If a land owner with a complex apartment with 250 houses, each house rented on a monthly rate of y. How many houses should the owner of the apartment rent in order to ensure that he maximizes his income? The main concern in this case is to maximize the income by determining the number of maximum houses to be rented meaning; y ranges between 0 and 250 whereby: 0≠¤ y ≠¤ 250. In order to determine the solution, it is important to determine critical points that occur between 0 and 250. Therefore: Owing to the fact that the profit function is in a continuous dimension, the maximum value can be attained by plugging in the already identified critical value which is 200 at the end point existing in the range as follows: On the other hand, differentiation has also been used to perform various business activities in the contemporary society for example it has been widely used to calculate the maximum sizes of packaging materials with a few known dimensions while missing other important dimensions. A real example of the application of differentiation has been evident i.e. in a scenario where a sales person wants to determine the maximum size of a packaging box with a known length= x and known width= y, but without a known height. This can be arrived at

An Investigation of Vietnams Barriers of Economic Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

An Investigation of Vietnams Barriers of Economic Growth and Development Essay Over the past few decades, Vietnam has made remarkable recovery from the damage of war and political reforms. Under Vietnams communist party, the countrys economy has transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a socialist-oriented market economy. Making it a multi-sectored commodity economy regulated by the people, whilst under state management and ownership. Numerous reforms, along with the modernization of the financial system, have led to rapid growth for Vietnam economically. In 2010, the Gross Domestic Product (PPP) of Vietnam was $275,639 million and ranked 40 out of 182 listed countries according to the International Monetary Fund. This is most likely due to rapid industrialization that has and is taking place. Industry and construction contributed approximately 40.9% of GDP in 2010 whereas the share of the agriculture sector has fallen to 21%. Although the rise in GDP has brought about a decline in poverty, larger school enrolment rates, bettered infrastructure, etc, this rapid growth rate has also brought with it negative factors that may hinder subsequent economic growth and development. For instance, Vietnam is facing large budget and trade deficits. In 2010, the current account balance (CAB) of Vietnam was -8.51 billion US dollars based on the International Monetary Fund, with the countrys trade deficits amounting to US$12.4 billion. CAB value, being a negative, shows that the amount spent on imports coming into Vietnam is higher than that earned from the countrys exports. The problem is that the imports are of a higher value than the exports and this is the consequence of relying on a narrow range of primary products (This point on low value exports will be elaborated on, under cultural factors). Similarly, the government is blowing its budget, causing the fiscal deficit to rise to 7.4% of GDP in 2010, which shows the extent at which the governments total expenditure has exceeded the revenue that it generates. This overshot the governments target of 6.2%. On one hand, the government expenditure on basic social and physical infrastructure is a necessity for any developing country. However, this continual over-spending can place the government in a state of debt, which may interfere with economic growth and development. Also, the corrupted state misspends and embezzles a good share of export earnings, foreign investment and revenue (To be covered later under political instability). In order to taper down trade deficits, the government has been forced to devalue the Vietnamese currency (dong) to the exchange rate of 17,961 dong : US$1. However, the dong is continually being devalued. According to Le Dang Doanh of the Economic College of Hanoi, devaluation might temporarily help to reduce Vietnams imports, but it will also boost inflation because the imported fuel will rise. Doanhs views are very apt as devaluation of the exchange rate will make exports more competitive and appear cheaper to foreigners. This will increase demand for exports whilst making imports more expensive. Hence, reducing the demand for imports. However, this devaluation has caused a rise in the inflation rate in Vietnam. In January 2011, the consumer-price index rose to 12.17%. This is higher than the 11.8% increase in December 2010. Bring about higher prices for education services, food, housing and building materials within the country. These high prices are not easily met by the poorer of the country. It is no surprise, therefore, that Vietnams per capita GDP (PPP) of $3,123 (ranked 128) by the International Monetary Fund, meaning that the average income of a person living in Vietnam is approximately $8.70 per day. This is equivalent to earning US$3.20 a day according to nominal per capita GDP. One reason for this is that Vietnams rate of growth of population is higher than that of its GDP. Vietnam, with a growing population of over 89 million, is the 13th most densely populated country in the world. The Human Development Index (HDI) re-illustrates Vietnams lower development and welfare. It weighs real national income per year, the adult literacy rate, average years of schooling, and life expectancy in ranking a country in terms of development. The closer the HDI value is to 1, the more developed the country is said to be. The 2010 HDI value of Vietnam is 0.572, ranking the country 113 out of 169 countries with comparable data. Having a HDI value between 0.5 and 0.8, Vietnam is said to have medium human development. However, this value still remains below the average HDI value of East Asia and the Pacific (0.650) and that of the world (0.624). On a scale from 0 1, the index for health is 0.869, education is 0.480 and income is 0.448. Additionally from the 2010 report, 21.45% of the population is living below US$1.25 per day and 25,632 per million of the population is affected by natural disasters. It appears that the prime reason for the relatively low HDI value of Vietnam seems to be due to the decline in infrastructure and income amongst its citizens. This brings us to the next section of my investigation. Along with the problems arising in Vietnam, its current economic situation could have been and still remains a result of the various factors below: Income Poverty The Vietnam government has made effective attacks on poverty, reducing the countries share of income poverty from 58% to 21.45% in 1993-2010. Due to industrialization and reforms, more jobs and opportunities were created. The rise in income for people working in industrial zones resulted in more than a third of the population being pulled out of poverty. However, the increasing number of people moving into the city areas has caused property demands, and hence prices, to rise. Additionally, inflation is increasing the prices of staples remarkably, making it difficult for low-income urban and rural residents. In fact, a study in 2006 by the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences concluded that even higher growth rates will be required than in the past as poverty is still deep and widespread, and the remaining millions of people vulnerable to poverty fall far below the poverty line. This prevalent income gap in Vietnam, particularly the income disparity between the rural and urban areas not only lowers the basic standard of living in the country due to inequitable development, but also reduces consumption. This drop in consumption, coupled with the investment fever of the higher income-earners, might cause deflation. Although deflation may seem to help lower-income citizens to purchase more goods, price drops will hamper profits of firms and, hence, the overall economic growth of Vietnam. This will lead to even lower income distributed to workers, and even retrenchment, as companies would need to cut down costs. As a result, economic development is hindered, as the government will not have sufficient funds to spend on improving infrastructure in the country. Therefore, the basic standard of living subsequently drops. Vietnams capital, Hanoi, is already feeling the negative effects of this lack of infrastructure due to the poverty cycle as it is constantly plagued by power blackouts (See lack of infrastructure below). Political Structure/Corruption To date, the government continues to maintain control of the largest and most important firms in the country. The government recently issued new limitations for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on the extent at which they can diversify away from their core business. Conversely, policy changes tend to take a long time to be put into effect and SOEs will take an equally long period of time to respond to such directives. One way to overcome this conservatism, the minimal or gradual change in society, is if the government gives up political control of the economy and diminishing the bureaucratic nature of commerce in Vietnam. However it is unlikely that the Communist leaders will allow this to happen. Additionally, Vietnam relies heavily on SOEs to generate wealth for the nation. Under each company, workers enjoy the same share of benefits from growth despite any disparity in productivity. Therefore, there is no incentive for workers to perform better at their job and the economy will not be able to reach high growth rates or attract foreign investors. Public officials and state employees, thus, resort to getting extra money any way they can. The current state structure creates loopholes for corrupt people to plunder state budget. Already, there have been cases where government officials have been arrested for squandering a significant share of investments that come into the country. The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index placed Vietnam 116th out of 178 countries, with a transparency score of 2.7. Corruption and lack of political transparency causes citizens to lose confidence in their leaders and weakens national unity. Possible uprisings may occur and instability hinders national construction and defense (Continued in lack of infrastructure below). Lack of infrastructure Vietnams energy-generating capacity is not at a high enough level yet to support its production in industrial zones. However, at the moment the government budget is not enough to solve the electricity supply problem. First of all, if fewer goods are produced due to lack of electricity to operate machinery efficiently, economic growth will decrease. Furthermore, power surges disrupt the everyday lives of citizens, transportation, etc. Lowering the standard of living in Vietnam. As mentioned above, the bureaucracy of official procedures stops the country from building the roads, power stations and other public works due to the slow speed at which such changes take effect. These factors are needed to maintain efficient production of goods and services and, hence, growth rate. Particularly, the lack of road systems hinders economic development, as it is difficult for citizens to gain access to different areas of the country. Cultural Factors Initially an agriculture-based economy, Vietnam depends on seafood and rice as main exports for the country. Many of these low-value products are the livelihood of people living in rural areas. The school attendance is much lower in rural areas as compared to urban areas and this lack of education leads to the lack of skills necessary to carry out jobs in industrial zones. Therefore, their focus on agriculture has translated to the country over-depending on primary products as its main exports. This narrows the range of products, which can be purchased through international trade. This negatively impacts potential economic growth. On the other hand, an increasing number of people living in urban areas own cars and factories are producing goods constantly in order keep up with the ambitious growth targets of Vietnams Communist leaders. The emissions from choking traffic and constant construction are starting to take a toll on the environment. The pollution, therefore, impedes the economic development of the developing country. In conclusion, we can see that despite Vietnams improving economic growth, numerous debts accumulating in the country and the devaluation of currency can hinder further potential growth rates. These factors overlap with the Communist Partys political control of the economy and the slow change of economic policies, lack of infrastructure to support capital production and exporting low-value products, which in turn hinder economic growth. Additionally, over-population, growing income gaps between rural and urban areas, inefficient building of infrastructure and environmental damage created by excessive and rapid industrialization, have impeded on economic development by lowering the basic standard of living of the country. In order for Vietnam to grow and develop economically in the future, the political structure needs to allow a more efficient change in both social and economical policies. More importantly, the country needs to stop prevalent corruption and give firms incentives to generate more economic growth and, thus, attract more foreign investments for the country. Sources -http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/WDR/English-Full-Text-Report/ch2.pdf -http://www.arcadia-asia.com/commentaries/201003-Arcadia%20Market%20Commentary.pdf -http://www.viet-studies.info/kinhte/vietnam_OxfordAnalytica.pdf -http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/383606-1106667815039/gov_spending_vietnam.pdf -http://www.economist.com/node/11041638?story_id=11041638 -http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2006/2006-18.pdf -http://www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/country/Vietnam/

The Caretaker by Harold Pinter Essay -- Caretaker Harold Pinter Essays

The Caretaker by Harold Pinter In this essay I will take the position that the audience see Davies as both a social victim and a social parasite. Firstly a definition of a social victim and a social parasite will be given. A social victim is an individual who is looked down upon by other members of society, vulnerable to blame and not accorded the same rights as others. Therefore this disenfranchised group of people do not experience the usual comforts and perks of society. A social parasite is someone who exists off the backs of others efforts and not their own. Davies is a social victim because of his low social standing as a vagrant. He is definitely at the bottom of the social hierarchy; perhaps he is there because others have trodden on him to climb higher themselves .It is not explained how, but what we do know is that because Davies is a social victim, to survive he also becomes a social parasite. Throughout the play Davies shows some strong traits to the audience of being a social victim. The audience's very first impression of Davies is that his appearance is one of a vagrant, "Davies wears a worn brown overcoat, shapeless trousers, a waistcoat, vest, no shirt, and sandals." This description shows Davies either does not take a large amount of care in his appearance, or he cannot afford smart, tidy clothes. This makes the audience feel sorry for him. The audience recognises that his anti-social appearance sets Davies apart from the rest of society. The waistcoat Davies is wearing gives the impression that he was once a respected gentleman. However, the worn and shapeless clothes he is also wearing in contrast with the waistcoat make him look unkempt and scruffy. Davies likes to portray hi... ...aps he had the intention of stealing from Aston. He noticeably does not want Aston to see him looking around in this way; this is shown because Davies opens the door to see if Aston is gone, and then closes before looking around. It could be considered that Davies does this because he would not want Aston to think he is taking advantage of him. Davies is inquisitive. He picks up some random items of Aston's, comments on them, and puts them back. To the audience, Davies is so interested in Aston's things because he wants to see what Aston is worth. If Aston had little, there would be less point in staying, as there would nothing to gain from Davies' perspective. To conclude, there are many episodes within the first act that reflect both Davies' victimisation and his opportunism, thus enabling the audience to view him as social victim and social parasite.

Pinnacle Manufacturing Part

Part I. c – Summary of Observations Including Assessment of Business Risk Based on the financial ratios calculated, it appears that Pinnacle Manufacturing (the â€Å"Company†) is both using up cash assets and increasing its debt. The Cash Ratio has declined each of the past three years indicating that the Company has a decreasing ability to pay its current liabilities from cash and will be required to liquidate assets to pay off current liabilities. The Current Ratio has also declined each of the last three years. In 2009, it was 218. % or 2. 186. This means that for every dollar of current liabilities the Company had $2. 18 in current assets with which to pay those liabilities. Inventory Turnover has declined from 4. 04 times per year in 2009 to 3. 78 times per year in 2011. This would seem to indicate that sales are slowing and inventory is not being sold as quickly as in prior years. This is further supported by the increasing Days to Sell Inventory number. In 2009 D ays to Sell Inventory was 90. 44 and had grown to 96. 48 days in 2011.This makes it important to assess inventory obsolescence in light of these numbers. Debt to Equity has increased significantly from 2009 to 2011. In 2009, the Debt to Equity Ratio was 70. 81%. In 2011, it had grown to 96. 48%. This might indicate that the Company does not have room to continue to borrow should it need cash to operate. If borrowing is not available as a financing tool, it is likely that the Company might need to look to its stockholders for additional cash or resort to more costly forms for financing. Gross Profit Margins have declined from 29. 1% in 2009 to 27. 5% in 2011. This ratio is helpful analytically to indicate that possible misstatements might exist in the areas of sales, COGS, A/R and inventory. As noted above there is already a negative trend in inventory for the Company. Similarly, Profit Margin for the Company has declined from 3. 77% to 2. 84% between 2009 and 2011. A decline in prof it margin can signal misstatements in various operating expense accounts and balance sheet items. It can also simply signal a declining business trend for the Company.Return on Assets shows the Company’s ability to generate a profit based on assets and equity. In 2009, the Company’s profit margin was 3. 07% and in 2011 it had fallen to 1. 91%. Overall, the Company appears to have slowing sales leading to growing inventory. The Company is increasing its debt burden to help cash flow since sales seem to be declining and inventory is growing. The profitability of the Company is declining steadily. Finally, if the Company finds itself in default of any loan covenants it will have to liquidate assets to pay its debts.Forced asset sales are never beneficial to the seller and would only exacerbate the already declining business trends of the Company. Part I. f – What Data is More Useful in Evaluating the Potential for Misrepresentations? We believe that each set of dat a has its strengths and weakness. The balance sheet data available for Pinnacle Manufacturing is extremely helpful in evaluating whether certain income statement items could be misstated. As an example, to know the trend in the asset Accounts Receivable: Trade made evaluating the income statement item Bad Debt expense easier.As a result, the financial data for the parent Pinnacle could be cross-referenced more easily. However, the subsidiary income statements allow greater detail into the business components that make up Pinnacle. A possible overstatement in one account for one of the subsidiaries could be cancelled out by a similar understatement in the in the same account for another subsidiary. When the numbers are rolled-up to the parent company, there might not be a noticeable problem in the account. As a result possible insufficient planning would result.With the subsidiary information, an audit of each corresponding account could result in a more accurate number for the paren t company. This would appear to help acceptable audit risk for the audit firm. ? Part I. g – Observations based on Accounts Receivable, Inventory and Short/Current Long-term Debt Accounts Receivable: Trade has grown in absolute dollar amount from just under $9. 6 Million in 2010 to over $14 Million in 2011. As a result, we believe it is important to look at the reasonableness of the allowance for bad debts and bad debt expense.Confirmation of balances with customers will help to uncover any discrepancies between Pinnacle and its customers about amounts owed and paid. This could impact the internal control over posting of payments at Pinnacle and whether the money is being diverted through fraud. Inventory has grown from slightly over $25 Million at year-end in both 2009 and 2010 to more than $32 Million in 2011. Growing inventory could be indicative of inventory obsolescence. Obsolete inventory would be subject to a write-down in value. We would want to explore these areas.We have identified Inventory as an area of possible misstatement for Pinnacle. Short/Current Long-term debt has increased from 2009 and 2010 levels in 2011. In 2009 and 2010, the short/current portion of long-term debt was only $41,070. In 2011 it had increased to almost $4 Million. We are concerned that a misstatement has occurred. If the amount is correct, we would want to ascertain why the sudden increase. If it is due to a scheduled one-time balloon payment being due it is less of a concern than if a loan has been accelerated due to default or failure to meet certain loan covenants.The long-term solvency of Pinnacle depends on the success of its operations to raise capital for future growth and expansion as well as its ability to make payments on its debts. If Pinnacle is in default and a loan has been called or accelerated it would negatively impact the Company’s ability to borrow in the future. ? Part I. h – Going Concern Issue We assess the likelihood that Pinnacl e is likely to fail financially in the next twelve months as low. While many of the items discussed indicate that Pinnacle has some financial problems, its current ratio is still well over 1.It might be holding some obsolete inventory but even obsolete inventory has some value to generate cash. In twelve months, if the Company does not resolve its growing inventory issues and possibly rework some of its debt deals, the decision might be different. Currently, sales are growing as is Income from operations and net income. The Company has a positive cash flow which buys it time to try to fix its underlying problems. Inattention to these details could cause us to revisit this question next year with a more dire answer.

Philippine Culture Essay

The culture of the Philippines is very diverse. This is due to the colorful combination of different nations with our country. Its culture is reflected by the complexity of the history of the Philippines through the blending of Pre-Hispanic indigenous Austronesian civilizations. There are a number of countries that have influenced Philippine culture such as Spain, United States, China, India, and the Arabs. The influences of these countries are visible in the various practices of the Filipinos up to the present. The Spaniards brought the Spanish language, Catholicism and other religious celebrations such as fiestas. The American influence is evident in the use of the English language and the presence of contemporary pop culture such as fast-food, music, movies, basketball and media. The Arabs and Indians brought Islam to the southernmost island of the Philippines along with their own customs and traditions. The Chinese brought trade and commerce to the country as well as their affirm ation of the importance of respect and family. Society The locals of the Philippines are called Filipinos. Their primary ancestors are the Malays who came from the southeastern Asian country which is now called Indonesia. The Philippines is a combined society, both singular and plural in form. It is singular as one nation, but plural in that it is fragmented geographically and culturally. The nation is divided between Christians, Muslims, and other religious-ethno-linguistic groups; between urban and rural people; between upland and lowland people; and between the rich and the poor. Although different in numerous ways, the Filipinos are very hospitable and give appropriate respect to everybody regardless of race, culture and belief. Family In a traditional Filipino family, the father is considered the head and the provider of the family while the mother takes responsibility of the domestic needs and in charge of the emotional growth and values formation of the children. Children see their mothers as soft and calm, while they regard their fathers as strong and the most eminent figure in the family. Another particular trait of Filipinos is their strong respect for elders. Children are taught from birth how to say â€Å"po† and â€Å"opo† to teach them as early as possible how to properly respect their elders. These words are used to show respect to people of older level. Upon arriving home, conservative families expect children to practice the kissing of hands or touching their parents’ or elder family members’ hand to their foreheads with the words â€Å"mano po† as a sort of greeting. Within the family, the parents are expected to receive the highest respect from the children along with the elder siblings, as they are given the responsibility to look after younger siblings when parents are not around. Answering back or addressing parents or elder siblings with an arrogant tone are not at all tolerated in children. The children are also not allowed to leave the house without their parents’ permission. Upon reaching adulthood, Filipino children are not obliged to leave their homes after finishing school. In fact, most of them maintain their close relationship with their parents by staying at home at least before they get married. Moreover, Filipinos keep close connection with other relatives. They recognize them from the second degree to the last they can identify. Weddings The majority of Filipino weddings are now Catholic weddings, but some native traditions remain. Most have special â€Å"sponsors† who act as witnesses to the marriage. The principal sponsors could be godparents, counselors, a favorite uncle and aunt, even a parent. Secondary sponsors handle special parts of the ceremony, such as the candle, cord and veil ceremonies. Candle sponsors light two candles, which the bride and groom use to light a single candle to symbolize the joining of the two families and to invoke the light of Christ in their married life. Veil sponsors place a white veil over the bride’s head and the groom’s shoulders, a symbol of two people clothed as one. Cord sponsors drape the yugal (a decorative silk cord in a figure-eight shape) over the shoulders of the bride and groom to symbolize everlasting fidelity. The groom gives the bride 13 coins or arrhae, blessed by the priest, as a sign of his dedication to his wife’s well-being and the we lfare of their future children. Death Death in the Philippines is one of the most important occasions in family life, as attested to by a humorous statement that families have large reunions only during â€Å"Binyag, Kasal at Libing† (Baptisms, Weddings, and Burials/Funerals). Once a Filipino dies, it is traditional to hold a wake. Deceased men are dressed in the traditional Barong Tagalog while women are dressed in either black dresses or in their best dress. Relatives that are closest to the deceased are customarily dressed in black, and women use black veils as well. Caskets of Filipinos are often covered with glass, with the inner part of the lid containing ribbons with the names of the deceased person’s immediate family. Behind the casket is a crucifix between two candles. Flowers are often given in condolence to the family, with a message from the donor written on a ribbon attached to the flowers. Family members keep vigil, pray, eat, talk, and socialize with guests. It is traditional, as with the oth er aspects of Philippine culture, to be hospitable to the guests; this is done by offering food and refreshments to those mourning with the family. After the death of a person, a nine-day period of having a novena of prayers and Masses offered up to the deceased is held, although the beginning of the â€Å"Siyam na araw† varies, but usually ends the week after the death. Another period follows after death, the 40-day mourning period. Family members indicate their state of bereavement by wearing a small, black rectangular plastic pin on their left breast or breast pocket area. A ceremonial mass is held at the end of this 40 day period. Common belief states that the soul goes to Heaven after these 40 days, following the belief that Jesus Christ ascended to Heaven after the said period of days. The 1 year death anniversary is also a bit significant, as well as the subsequent birth anniversaries of the deceased. Many foreign relatives come to mourn the death of their lost ones. Death is very emotional experience among those close to the deceased. Values The Filipinos are known to be hospitable. But aside from this trait, there are many other values that the Filipinos possess which help them live harmoniously with their neighbors. These have also made the Filipinos appealing towards others due to their pleasant demeanor. The following are some of the Filipino values: Bayanihan is the creation of an association with neighbors and helping whenever one is in disastrous need. Close Family Ties are something the Filipinos are well-known for. The primary social welfare system for the Filipino is the family. Many Filipinos live near their family for most of their lives, even as independent adults. Pakikisama or harmony, involves getting along with others to preserve a harmonious relationship. Hiya is shame and a motivating factor behind behavior. It is a sense of social decency and compliance to public norms and behavior. Filipinos believe they must live up to the accepted standards of behavior and if they fail to do so they bring shame not only upon themselves, but also upon their family. Utang na Loob or Debt of Gratitude, is owed by one to a person who has helped him great. There is a local saying: ‘Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalinangan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan’, meaning, ‘One who does not look back o where he started, will no get to where he is going.’ Amor Propio is concern for self image. Filipinos believe that how they present themselves to others is an important aspect to be accepted in society. Delicadeza or sense of propriety refers to sensitivity regarding the limits of proper behavior or ethics in a situation. Filipinos try to avoid even the appearance of impropriety. Palabra de Honor or word of honor is very important to the Filipinos. They believe that one must keep their word whenever they make a promise for the person to whom one has made a promise will count on it. Beliefs Before the coming of the Spaniards and the introduction of Roman Catholicism, the indigenous inhabitants were believer of animism, or the worship of nature. Bathala was the supreme god of the tagalogs, symbolized by the sun. Other Tagalog gods and goddesses include the moon, stars, and even objects such as trees, shrubs, mountains, or rocks. The spirits consist of aswang (ghoul), tikbalang, (a man having the head of a horse), kapre (a giant that smokes tabacco), tiyanak(resurrected aborted babies), dwende (dwarves and elves), engkanto (minor spirits), and diwata (fairies and nymphs). Food A typical Filipino meal consists of at least one viand (ulam) served with boiled or fried rice (kanin). Filipinos also regularly use spoons together with forks. They also eat with their hands, especially in informal settings and when eating seafood. Accompanying rice, popular dishes such as adobo (a meat stew made from either pork or chicken), lumpia (mat or vegetable rolls), pancit (noodle dish), and lechon (whole roasted pig) are served on plate. Other popular dishes include: afritada, asado, chorizo sausages used in pancit or fried rice, empanadas, mais (corn), mani (roasted peanuts), paksiw (fish, cooked in vinegar and water, some spices like garlic and pepper), pan de sal (salted bread rolls), pescado (fried or grilled fish), torta (omelette). Indigenous Filipino and regional cuisine include: dinuguan, kare-kare (ox-tail stew), kilawen, pinakbet (vegetable stew), pinapaitan, and sinigang (tamarind soup with a variety of pork, fish or shrimp). One delicacy eaten by the Filipino people but are reprehensible to some western cultures is balut (a boiled fertilized duck egg). Popular snacks and desserts indulged in are chicharon, halo-halo, puto, bibingka, ensaymada, polvoron, and tsokolate. Popular local liquors include lambanog, tuba, and basi. Architecture Pre-Hispanic architecture is usually characterized by using indigenous woody materials. The bahay kubo is the mainstream form of housing. It is characterized by the use of indigenous materials such as bamboo and coconut as the main source of wood. Cogon grass and nipa palm leaves are used as roof thatching, although coconut fronds are also used. Most are usually on stilts due to the frequent floods and rainwater during the wet season. Regional variations include the use of thicker and denser roof thatching in mountain areas, longer stilts on coastal areas especially if the structure is built outright on the water. The architecture of some tribes in other regions is characterized by very angular wooden roofs, bamboo in place of leafy thatching and ornate wooden carvings, especially on Mindanao Island. The Spanish introduced stones as housing materials. The introduction of Christianity brought western style churches and subsequently became the center of most towns. Colonial era architecture still survives in Intramuros and Vigan. Contemporary architecture usually favors western-style structures although pre-Hispanic housing is still largely common in rural areas. American style suburban gated communities are popular in the cities, especially Metro Manila and surrounding provinces. Famous Artworks in the Philippines EDSA People Power Monument EDSA, Quezon City The monument towering along EDSA was designed by sculptor Eduardo Castrillo in 1993. The structure was cast to serve as a tribute to the brave Filipinos who marched along the now-historic avenue of EDSA during the 1986 People Power Revolution to overthrow former president Ferdinand Marcos. Quezon Memorial Circle Elliptical Road, Quezon City The Quezon Memorial Circle, the tallest triad structure in Quezon City, was designed by Filipino architect Federico Ilustre. The three vertical pylons of this 66 (Quezon’s age when he died) meter tall monument correspond to the three major islands of the Philippines–(Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao). Each is topped with a mourning angel holding a sampaguita wreath, all crafted by an Italian sculptor named Francesco Riccardo Monti. Housed inside the two-story barrel-like base is a museum with the remains and other priceless treasures of the late President Manuel L. Quezon. The construction of this Carrara marble-made monument was completed in time for the centennial of Quezon’s birth in 1978. By the mandate of President Ferdinand Marcos, the site was declared a National Historical Landmark under the Presidential Decree No. 260. U.P. Oblation University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines’ renowned landmark, the Oblation, is a masterpiece of National Artist Guillermo Tolentino. In 1935, Guillermo was commissioned by Rafael Palma (then University President) to craft a monument that would express in visual form the second stanza of Jose Rizal’s â€Å"Mi Ultimo Adios† (â€Å"Last Farewell†). The concrete statue painted in bronze stands 3.5 meter high (to represent the 350 years of Spanish colonization of the Philippines) on a pile of rocks symbolizing the islands of the Philippines. Funding for the statue was raised through a 2-month fund campaign that garnered P2,000. The model for the statue was widely rumored to be Fernando Poe, Sr. though there are sources that claim that the real model was Guillermo’s student apprentice Anastacio Caedo. Andres Bonifacio Monument Bonifacio Circle, Monumento, Caloocan City The sculpture featuring a 45-foot high pylon topped by a winged figure of victory was crafted by national artist Guillermo Tolentino in 1929. It commemorates the famous proletarian hero Andres Bonifacio with his revolutionary group, the Katipunan, fighting for the causes of Philippine Revolution– injustice, suffering and resistance. The Supremo in his Barong Tagalog, holding a bolo on his right hand and a revolver on the other, stands in front of 22 darkened bronze figures at the base of an octagonal obelisk, the number of sides of which symbolize the first eight provinces that armed against the Spaniards. Other historic figures on the monument are Emilio Jacinto (the â€Å"Brains of Katipunan†) and the three hooded martyred priests (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora). Leading to the monument are three steps which represent the three centuries of Spanish rule. Cultural Center of the Philippines Roxas Boulevard, Manila Standing on the 21-hectare piece of land along Roxas Boulevard, Manila is Leandro Locsin’s (National Artist for Architecture) envisioned edifice that serves as the Philippines’ national center for performing arts – the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP). This architectural work is considered one of the most significant landmarks in the country. Completed in 1969, the CCP main building faces the reclaimed land inManila Bay with its marble facade. At its sides are two arching columns beamed 12 meters from the terrace. In front is a large lagoon with fountains illuminated by underwater lights during nighttime. It houses four premier theaters, an ethnographic museum, galleries, and a Philippine arts and culture library. Manila Metropolitan Theater Padre Burgos Street, Manila The Manila Metropolitan Theater- located at the Padre Burgos Street – was formerly Manila’s premier venue for theatrical performances. Built in 1935, this art deco structure was designed by the distinguished Filipino architect Juan M. de Guzman Arellano. The bronze sculptures of female figures on the facade of the theater are works by the Italian sculptor Francesco Riccardo Monti. Inside, there are relief carvings of Philippine plants that adorns the lobby walls and interior surfaces of the building designed by the artist Isabelo Tampinco. It needed to be reconstructed after the US and Filipino liberation in Manila in 1945, fell into disuse in the 1960s, was partly restored in the following decade, and fell again into disrepair. It is currently undergoing renovation through Manila City government’s project to restore its historical buildings. The Transfiguration Eternal Garden Memorial Park, Balintawak, Quezon City The brass and bronze sculpture entitled â€Å"The Transfiguration† (1979) is one of Napoleon Abueva’s (national artist and Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture) religious-themed creations, found at the Eternal Garden Memorial Park. His other famous masterpieces that attest to his religiosity include the â€Å"Kiss of Judas† (1955) and the â€Å"Thirty Pieces of History†. Pinaglabanan Shrine Barrio Paraiso, San Juan, Metro Manila A major work of art by Filipino sculptor Eduardo Castrillo is his creation the Pinaglabanan Shrine (1974), located in San Juan, Metro Manila. Also known as Spirit of Pinaglabanan, the shrine is composed of three cut and welded brass figures on a 10 x 4.3 x 4.3 meter sculptured concrete base. This was built in commemoration of the first battle of the 1896 Revolution, which happened on this site. Filipino Struggles Through History (Mural) Bulwagang Katipunan, Manila City Hall One of the most striking murals of Carlos â€Å"Botong† Francisco entitled Filipino Struggles Through History (1963) can be found in the Bulwagang Katipunan of Manila City Hall. As commissioned by former Manila Mayor Antonio Villegas, this 270Ãâ€"487 centimeter mural was painted in three panels chronicling the history of Manila and the Philippines. It depicts the panoramic episodes of the first great Rajahs of Tondo, the Spanish colonial period, the 1896 Revolution and other events up to the American colonial period. Also seen in this mural are famous Philippine historical personalities such as Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Francisco Balagtas, and Limahong.

Environmental Studies and Forestry Research Paper Writing How-to Tips and Tricks for College Students

Environmental Studies and Forestry Research Paper Writing How-to Tips and Tricks for College Students Introduction to the Topic The research paper is an independent student work experience. At the same time, students of higher education institutions often perceive this activity as problematic, as they overestimate its complexity. However, the study of the algorithm for writing such a paper is an interesting and cognitive process, as well as work that allows determining the possibility of creativity in writing and design. In the course of studying this recommendation, you will understand that working on the research paper cannot deviate from generally accepted rules, and creative approach is welcome within reasonable limits in case of the first experience of its writing. Also, work in this area allows students to learn how to use additional literature and systematize the selected material. So, you definitely should not be afraid of writing the research paper. Nevertheless, you have to follow certain rules. What Is the Environmental Studies and Forestry Research Paper? Research activity is a scientific work related to scientific studies, conducting research, experiments in order to expand existing knowledge and obtain new information, test scientific hypotheses, and identify patterns, scientific generalizations, and justifications for the materials of the relevant discipline. In this regard, environmental studies and forestry research paper is an independent study of a student that reveals his/her knowledge and ability to apply it to solve specific practical problems. The paper should be logically completed and demonstrate the ability of the learner to articulate his/her thoughts clearly, argue the sentences, and use the terminology correctly. Of course, such a research paper is simpler than the work of real scientists. However, in terms of structure, methods used, and the planning system, it is actually a scientific study. The knowledge gained by the student during his/her own research is much better remembered. The method when a professor and a student set themselves questions explored by the discoverers of patterns in various sciences and seek answers together draws more students’ attention and forms their desire to engage in research activities in the future. In this regard, the objectives of the environmental studies and forestry research paper include the following: the acquisition of the skill to plan one’s own activities; the manifestation of the initiative; the ability to adhere to the chosen research question; development of analytical abilities of the student; the acquisition of assessment skills; the ability to formulate and express one’s thoughts clearly. So, writing the research paper is a complex task, the purpose of which is to illuminate or prove an interesting question or hypothesis, as well as to gain the necessary experience. Tips on Preliminary Notes to Get the Job Done Effectively and Efficiently This advice may not be timely, but you should be aware of what the preliminary notes are and how they can help the student at the time of writing research papers and other assignments. It should start with the fact that each of you in the process of learning writes down lectures that set out the theory fully or briefly (depending on the professors desire). At the end of the course, you have quite a heavy notebook. It is difficult to re-read such a work fully once again and isolate the required information from it. In this case, preliminary notes are used. They are a kind of summary of the studied material which you write briefly with highlighting its key points only. That is, a 30-page section of lectures can be reduced to five sentences, in which you indicate the main points of view on the topic and conclusions from it, and write down the questions that interested you. It is a kind of working journal magazine that will help you to navigate topics easily. In this regard, it is possible to voice the advantages of preliminary notes as follows: They are much shorter than lectures and do not take a lot of time to write. You can describe the entire lecture with several memorable sentences. Preliminary notes indicate only key information or conclusions (including yours). In preliminary notes, it is desirable (and sometimes necessary) to indicate your personal opinion about what you heard and to fix your own ideas, as they will become the basis for writing the environmental studies and forestry research paper in the future. Preliminary notes will help you to focus on interesting topics that you plan to develop in the future. For example, you are studying the topic of forestry reform. In the process of obtaining the material, you stumbled upon the question of the formation of forest ecosystems. Fix it in the preliminary notes. The next topic, for example, concerns ecological balance. You may well note the key points of this material, and the question that interests you will be enhanced. For example, you will be interested in studying and analyzing the impact of forest ecosystems on forest restoration. Not the fact that you are using this particular issue in your research paper. However, as far as the preliminary notes are kept, you will accumulate many similar topics and will certainly be able to choose one of them. ‘How do I make preliminary notes?’ Always carry around writing tools such as a notepad, a journal, a laptop computer, and so on. Do not mix lecture notes with preliminary notes keep them separately. It is advisable to take notes by the end of the lesson when the topic becomes clear. It is desirable to record them regularly, without missing a topic. Selecting a Topic for the Environmental Studies and Forestry Research Paper: A Few Tips from Our Writers The research work begins with the desire to deal with the specific question. You need to understand what influence the research will have and whether it will bring benefit in the future activity, and realize the strengths of you as a researcher in the chosen direction. A good topic for the environmental studies and forestry research paper is the sphere that is interesting to you. Formulate it correctly. The topic should be formulated properly, narrow, and clear. In this regard, the choice of the theme of the research paper is determined by the subjects of the studied areas, the research interests of the student, and his/her prospective specialization in the future. The topic can be subsequently deployed to a large research project. The choice of the topic for the research paper depends on preliminary notes largely. They can help you to find out what exactly you were interested the most in the framework of environmental studies and forestry, and what areas you would like to consider and develop. Always think ahead. Probably, you will continue this research paper in the future at a deeper level. Example of Choosing a Topic for the Environment Project For example, you studied the following topics throughout the course: Ecology and Environmental Balance; Ecological Nomenclature of Forest Management; Importance of Forest Ecosystems in the National Economy; Rational Use of Forest Resources; Environmental Problems in Forestry, and so on. After a short review of these topics with the help of preliminary notes (or lectures), you need to consider the questions or issues of your interest. For example, your notes have the following entries: What are the ways to influence the ecological balance? I should study the legislation regulating forestry activities in more detail. What functions are inherent in forest ecosystems in order to use them to improve the efficiency of forestry? What modern technologies for increasing the efficiency of using forest resources exist? Can the forest itself recover and what conditions are necessary for this? Then, there are purely technical moments. You need to choose something that relates to the official materials passed, which would also affect the topic interesting to you. Examples of topics for the environmental studies and forestry research paper, in this case, are the following: The Benefit and Harm of Human Intervention in the Artificial Creation of Ecological Conditions for the Regeneration of Forests; The Effectiveness of Legislative Acts Regulating Environmental Activities in the Use of Forest Resources; The Benefit of Waste-Free Ecological Technologies of Wood Processing for Environmental Balance; Conditions for Self-Revival of Forestry. Key Points of the Environmental Studies and Forestry Research Paper While writing the environmental studies and forestry research paper, it is necessary to adhere to a certain structure: Introduction. In this section, the author of the research paper should provide the reader with an idea of the topic, describe its relevance, problems, and the need for research. An important part of it is the construction of a hypothesis. For this purpose, you need to formulate a scientific assumption that requires verification, theoretical justification, or confirmation. The key research hypothesis should come up from the formulation of the research topic. For example, non-waste technologies of wood processing contribute to minimizing the negative human impact on forestry and stimulate the natural regeneration of forests to a large extent. Background. In this part, you may briefly describe the historical information or general theoretical data that has led to the occurrence of the problem (question) under study. Literature review. It is an obligatory part of any environmental studies and forestry research paper. You will not be able to conduct a full study based on your own experience only, even if you conduct a field experiment that proves or confirms your hypothesis. For this reason, you need to refer to authoritative authors who studied and addressed the topic directly or indirectly. Methods and materials. To ensure your research paper complies with the norms of writing research projects, you must specify how exactly you investigated your question. Any research project must necessarily include a practical part, for example, surveys, interviews, or statistical analysis, on the basis of which you support the hypothesis. So, in this section, you must specify the tools that helped you conduct your experiments (observation, analysis, and so on). In particular, you must indicate whether your research is quantitative or qualitative; what methods of data collection and analysis you used; who were the participants, and in what way you interviewed them, and so on. Description of the research, and its practical part. It is the basic part of the research paper. In this section, you should describe the progress of the study and the observed characteristics. If the environmental studies and forestry research paper is based on a theoretical study, you should consistently describe the key points that support your thesis and provide full support to it. Results. In this section, you summarize the results, analyze them, and give conclusions for each outcome. Conclusions. The final part of the research paper, where you confirm the result of all the work. The conclusion must begin with a sentence that supports or refutes the stated thesis or hypothesis. Further, you may again describe the key points of the study, reduce them to one result, and describe it as well. Shortcomings and limitations. It is an additional section and depends on the requirements given by your instructors. In it, you can describe what problems you encountered in the process of writing the research paper, what limitations that you see, and what could contribute to reducing the reliability of the results. Directions for future research. This section is also optional. You may include topics that interest you (from preliminary notes), which, in your opinion, may be investigated in the future. However, these topics should necessarily overlap with the material that you have studied and continue the current paper in one way or another. List of references. In this section, you must provide references to the authors whose ideas you have used while writing your environmental studies and forestry research paper. Writing and Post-Writing Tips to be a Good Writer Before writing your research paper, collect all possible information on your topic; Develop a preliminary plan of action. It will help you to carry out work consistently; Do not hesitate to ask your instructor for help. His/her experience will help you to structure your paper properly; The paper should be divided into paragraphs and sections. This will improve its readability; Your environmental studies and forestry research paper should show your growth and development. That is, the material included in it should be more complex than that in the intermediate essays; Be sure to check your paper for errors. Bad spelling and grammar, the presence of incoherent sentences, or sharp transition from one topic to another will lead to a lower assessment. Most importantly, remember that there are no difficult research papers. If you conduct a thorough preparation for the study and follow the instructions, the writing process will be easy and 100% please you!